As far as I am aware you can’t, hopefully someone can say I’m wrong for you!
Not even the API has access to all that information.
If you are a developer, you can get a list of the Campaigns and their related Sequence - Paths.
But you would need to search the Path for the Tag by its name. Not what I call ideal.
https://developer.infusionsoft.com/docs/rest/#operation/listCampaignsUsingGET
Tags can be listed as well, but you will not get the additional information that you need.
https://developer.infusionsoft.com/docs/rest/#operation/listTagsUsingGET
Thanks, @Andy_Wroe @Pav for your response.